Network Working Group M. Suzuki
Request for Comments: 2383 NTT
Category: Informational August 1998
ST2+ over ATM
Protocol Specification - UNI 3.1 Version
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document specifies an ATM-based protocol for communication
between ST2+ agents. The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports the matching
of one hop in an ST2+ tree-structure stream with one ATM connection.
In this document, ATM is a subnet technology for the ST2+ stream.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol is designed to achieve resource-
reservation communications across ATM and non-ATM networks, to extend
the UNI 3.1/4.0 signaling functions, and to reduce the UNI 4.0 LIJ
signaling limitations.
The specifications of the ST2+ over ATM protocol consist of a
revision of RFC 1819 ST2+ and specifications of protocol interaction
between ST2+ and ATM on the user plane, management plane, and control
plane which correspond to the three planes of the B-ISDN protocol
reference model.
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Document
The purpose of this document is to specify an ATM-based protocol for
communication between ST2+ agents.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol is designed to support the matching of one
hop in an ST2+ tree-structure stream with one ATM connection; it is
not designed to support an entire ST2+ tree-structure stream with a
point-to-multipoint ATM connection only.
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Therefore, in this document, ATM is only a subnet technology for the
ST2+ stream. This specification is designed to enable resource-
reservation communications across ATM and non-ATM networks.
1.2 Features of ST2+ over ATM Protocol
o Enables resource-reservation communications across ATM and non-ATM
networks.
ATM native API supports resource-reservation communications only
within an ATM network; it cannot support interworking with non-ATM
networks. This is because
- ATM native API cannot connect terminals without an ATM interface.
- ATM native API does not support IP addressing and SAP (port)
addressing systems.
o Extends UNI 3.1/4.0 signaling functions.
ST2+ SCMP supports MTU-size negotiation at all hops in an ST2+
tree-structure stream. UNI 3.1/4.0 supports only max CPCS_SDU
(i.e., MTU) negotiation with the called party of a point-to-point
call or with the first leaf of a point-to-multipoint call.
o Reduces UNI 4.0 LIJ signaling limitations.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports UNI 4.0 LIJ Call Identifier
notification from the root to the leaf by using an ST2+ SCMP
extension. LIJ Call Identifier discovery at the leaf is one of the
major unsolved problems of UNI 4.0, and the ST2+ over ATM protocol
provides a solution.
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support the above feature. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0
version.
1.3 Goals and Non-goals of ST2+ over ATM Protocol
The ST2+ over ATM protocol is designed to achieve the following
goals.
o Specify protocol interaction between ST2+ [4] and ATM on the ATM
Forum Private UNI 3.1/4.0 (Sb point) [10, 11].
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support UNI 4.0. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0 version.
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
o Support ST2+ stream across ATM and non-ATM networks.
o Define one VC on the UNI corresponding to one ST2+ hop; this VC is
not shared with other ST2+ hops, and also this ST2+ hop is not
divided into multiple VCs.
o Support both SVC and PVC.
o Not require any ATM specification changes.
o Coexist with RFC 1483 [16] IPv4 encapsulation.
o Coexist with RFC 1577 [17] ATMarp.
o Coexist with RFC 1755 [18] ATM signaling for IPv4.
o Coexist with NHRP [19].
Because ST2+ is independent of both routing and IP address resolution
protocols, the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not specify the following
protocols.
o IP-ATM address resolution protocol
o Routing protocol
Because the ST2+ over ATM protocol is specified for the UNI, it is
independent of:
o NNI protocol
o Router/switch architecture
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2. Protocol Architecture
The ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies the interaction between ST2+ and
ATM on the user, management, and control planes, which correspond to
the three planes in ITU-T Recommendation I.321 B-ISDN Protocol
Reference Model [14].
2.1 User Plane Architecture
The user plane specifies the rules for encapsulating the ST2+ Data
PDU into the AAL5 [15] PDU. An user plane protocol stack is shown in
Fig. 2.1.
+---------------------------------+
| RFC 1819 ST2+ |
| (ST2+ Data) |
+---------------------------------+ Point of ST2+ over ATM
|/////////////////////////////////| <--- protocol specification of
+---------------------------------+ user plane
| |
| |
| I.363.5 |
| |
| AAL5 |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------+
| I.361 ATM |
+---------------------------------+
| PHY |
+----------------+----------------+
| UNI
+--------||-------
Fig. 2.1: User plane protocol stack.
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An example of interworking from an ATM network to an IEEE 802.X LAN
is shown in Fig. 2.2.
ST2+ ST2+ ST2+
Origin ATM Cloud Intermediate Agent Target
+---------+ +---------+
| AP |--------------------------------------------->| AP |
+---------+ +-------------------+ +---------+
|ST2+ Data|------------------>| RFC 1819 ST2+ Data|----->|ST2+ Data|
+---------+ +---------+---------+ +---------+
|I.363 AAL|------------------>|I.363 AAL| SNAP |----->| SNAP |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+---------+ +---------+
|I.361 ATM|--->|I.361 ATM|--->|I.361 ATM| LLC |----->| LLC |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+---------+ +---------+
| | | | | |IEEE802.X| |IEEE802.X|
| PHY |--->| PHY |--->| PHY | & 802.1p|----->| & 802.1p|
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+---------+ +---------+
Fig. 2.2: Example of interworking from
an ATM network to an IEEE 802.X LAN.
The ATM cell supports priority indication using the CLP field;
indication is also supported by the ST2+ Data PDU by using the Pri
field. It may be feasible to map these fields to each other. The
ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies an optional function that maps the
Pri field in the ST header to the CLP field in the ATM cell.
However, implementors should note that current ATM standardization
tends not to support tagging.
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
2.2 Management Plane Architecture
The management plane specifies the Null FlowSpec, the Controlled-Load
Service [5] FlowSpec, and the Guaranteed Service [6] FlowSpec mapping
rules [8] for UNI 3.1 traffic management. A management plane
protocol stack is shown in Fig. 2.3.
+---------------------------------+
| Null FlowSpec |
|Controlled-Load Service FlowSpec |
| Guaranteed Service FlowSpec |
+---------------------------------+ Point of ST2+ over ATM
|/////////////////////////////////| <--- protocol specification of
+---------------------------------+ management plane
| |
| UNI 3.1 |
| |
| |
| Traffic Management |
| |
| |
| VBR/UBR |
| |
+---------------------------------+
Fig. 2.3: Management plane protocol stack.
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support Guaranteed Services. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0
version.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies the ST FlowSpec format for the
Integrated Services. Basically, FlowSpec parameter negotiation,
except for the MTU, is not supported. This is because, in the ST2+
environment, negotiated FlowSpec parameters are not always unique to
each target. The current ATM standard does not support heterogeneous
QoS to receivers.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports FlowSpec changes by using the
CHANGE message (RFC 1819, Section 4.6.5) if the I-bit in the CHANGE
message is set to one and if the CHANGE message affects all targets
in the stream. This is because the UNI 3.1 does not support QoS
changes. The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports FlowSpec changes by
releasing old ATM connections and establishing new ones.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support stream preemption (RFC
1819, Section 6.3). This is because the Integrated Services FlowSpec
does not support the concept of precedence.
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It does not support the ST2+ FlowSpec (RFC 1819, Section 9.2). ST2+
FlowSpec specifies useful services, but requires a datalink layer to
support heterogeneous QoS to receivers. The current ATM standard
does not support heterogeneous QoS to receivers.
2.3 Control Plane Architecture
The control plane specifies the rules for encapsulating the ST2+ SCMP
PDU into the AAL5 [15] PDU, the relationship between ST2+ SCMP and
PVC management for ST2+ data, and the protocol interaction between
ST2+ SCMP and UNI 3.1 signaling [10]. A control plane protocol stack
is shown in Fig. 2.4.
+---------------------------------+
| RFC 1819 ST2+ |
| (ST2+ SCMP) |
+---------------------------------+ Point of ST2+ over ATM
|/////////////////////////////////| <--- protocol specification of
+------------+---+----------------+ control plane
| IEEE 802 | |UNI3.1 Signaling|
| SNAP | +----------------+
+------------+ | Q.2130 SSCF |
| ISO 8802-2 | +----------------+
| LLC Type1 | | Q.2110 SSCOP |
+------------+ +----------------+
| I.363.5 AAL5 |
+---------------------------------+
| I.361 ATM |
+---------------------------------+
| PHY |
+----------------+----------------+
| UNI
+--------||-------
Fig. 2.4: Control plane protocol stack.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not cover a VC (SVC/PVC) that
transfers ST2+ SCMP. VCs for IPv4 transfer may be used for ST2+ SCMP
transfer, and implementations may provide particular VCs for ST2+
SCMP transfer. Selection of these VCs depends on the implementation.
Implementors should note that when ST2+ data and SCMP belong to a
stream, the routing directions on the ST2+ layer must be the same.
Implementors should also note that ST2+ and IPv4 directions for
routing to the same IP destination address are not always the same.
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The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports both SVC and PVC for ST2+ Data
PDU transfer. If SVC is used, the ST2+ and ATM layers establish a
connection sequentially by using respectively ST2+ SCMP and UNI 3.1
signaling. An example of ST2+ SCMP and UNI 3.1 signaling message
flows for establishing and releasing of ST2+ data connections is
shown in Fig. 2.5, where (S) means an ST2+ entity and (Q) means a UNI
3.1 signaling entity.
ATM SW ATM SW
+------------+ UNI +----+ NNI +----+ UNI +------------+
____|Intermediate|--||--| \/ |______| \/ |--||--|Intermediate|____
| (Upstream) | | /\ | | /\ | |(Downstream)|
+------------+ +----+ +----+ +------------+
SCMP
------->(S)<------------------------------------------>(S)<-------
\ UNI Sig. UNI Sig. /
CONNECT | (Q)<--------->(Q)<-------->(Q)<--------->(Q) |
-------->| |
ACK <----|--------------------CONNECT------------------>| CONNECT
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|-------->
| |<--- ACK
| | ACCEPT
| |<--------
|<-------------------ACCEPT--------------------|---> ACK
|----------------------ACK-------------------->|
| |
|->|----SETUP--->| | | |
| |<-CALL PROC--|----------->|----SETUP--->|->|
| | | |<----CONN----|<-|
ACCEPT | |<----CONN----|<-----------|--CONN ACK-->|->|
<--------|<-|--CONN ACK-->| | | |
ACK ---->| |
| |
-------\ |--------------------------------------------\ |-------\
>| ST2+ Data >| >
-------/ |--------------------------------------------/ |-------/
| |
DISCONN | |
-------->| |
ACK <----|-------------------DISCONNECT---------------->|
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|
| |
|->|---RELEASE-->| | | |
|<-|<--REL COMP--|----------->|---RELEASE-->|->| DISCONN
| | | |<--REL COMP--|<-|-------->
| |<--- ACK
Fig. 2.5: Example of ST2+ SCMP and UNI 3.1 signaling message flows.
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
UNI 3.1/4.0 specifies PVC, point-to-point SVC, and point-to-
multipoint SVC as VC styles. However, in actual ATM network
environments, especially public ATM WANs, only PVC and bi-directional
point-to-point SVC may be supported. To support the diverse VC
styles, the ST2+ over ATM protocol supports the following VC styles
for ST2+ Data PDU transfer.
o PVC
o Reuse of reverse channel of bi-directional point-to-point SVC that
is used by existing stream.
o Point-to-point SVC initiated from upstream side.
o Point-to-multipoint SVC initiated from upstream side.
o Point-to-point SVC initiated from downstream side.
o Point-to-multipoint SVC initiated from downstream side (LIJ).
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support LIJ. LIJ will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0 version.
The second style is needed in environments supporting bi-directional
point-to-point SVC only. The selection of PVC and SVC styles in the
ST2+ agent is based on preconfigured implementation-dependent rules.
SVC supports both upstream and downstream call initiation styles.
Implementors should note that this is independent of the sender-
oriented and receiver-oriented ST2+ stream-building process (RFC
1819, Section 4.1.1). This is because the ST2+ over ATM protocol
specifies the process for establishing ST2+ data hops on the UNI, and
because the ST2+ stream building process belongs to another layer.
The SVC initiation side should be determined based on the operational
and billing policies between ST2+ agents; this is basically
independent of the sender-oriented and receiver-oriented ST2+
stream-building process.
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An example of ST2+ SCMP interworking is shown in Fig. 2.6.
_____
/ \
(Origin )
\ /
A ~~|~~ A
| = | UNI Signaling
| | |
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
| | |
| = | UNI Signaling
V | V
+-----+------+ IEEE 802.X & 802.1p
| |<---------------------+
|Intermediate|--------------------+ |
| |<-----------------+ | |
+------------+ L2 Signaling| | |
A | A | | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | | SCMP
| | | | | |
| +-+-+ V | | |
| | X | ATM SW V | |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling | \ /| |
| +-+-+ V | X | |LAN SW
| | X | ATM SW | / \| |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
| | | A | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | |
V __|__ V V_|_V
/ \ / \
(Target ) (Target )
\ / \ /
~~~~~ ~~~~~
Fig. 2.6: Example of ST2+ SCMP interworking.
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3. Revision of RFC 1819 ST2+
To specify the ST2+ over ATM protocol, the functions in RFC 1819 ST2+
must be extended to support ATM. However, it is difficult for the
current ATM standard to support part of the specifications in RFC
1819 ST2+. This section specifies the extended, restricted,
unsupported, and modified functions in RFC 1819 ST2+. Errata for RFC
1819 appears in Appendix A.
3.1 Extended Functions of RFC 1819 ST2+
3.1.1 ST FlowSpec for Controlled-Load Service
The ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies the ST FlowSpec format for the
Integrated Services. Basically, FlowSpec parameter negotiation,
except for the MTU, is not supported. The ST2+ intermediate agent
and the target decide whether to accept or refuse the FlowSpec
parameters, except for the MTU. Therefore, each of the FlowSpec
parameter values other than MTU is the same at each target in the
stream.
The format of the ST FlowSpec for the Controlled-Load Service is
shown in Fig. 3.1.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PCode = 1 | PBytes = 36 | ST FS Ver = 8 | 0(unused) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Ver=0 | 0(reserved) | Overall Length = 7 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SVC Number |0| 0(reserved) | SVC Length = 6 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Param Num = 127| Flags = 0 | Param Length = 5 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Token Bucket Rate [r] (32-bit IEEE floating point number) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Token Bucket Size [b] (32-bit IEEE floating point number) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Peak Data Rate [p] (32-bit IEEE floating point number) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Minimum Policed Unit [m] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Maximum Packet Size [M] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig. 3.1: Format of ST FlowSpec for Controlled-Load Service.
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The PCode field identifies common SCMP elements. The PCode value
for the ST2+ FlowSpec is 1.
The PBytes field for the Controlled-Load Service is 36 bytes.
The ST FS Ver (ST FlowSpec Version) field identifies the ST
FlowSpec version. The ST FlowSpec version number for the
Integrated Services is 8.
The Ver (Message Format Version) field identifies the Integrated
Services FlowSpec message format version. The current version is
zero.
The Overall Length field for the Controlled-Load Service is 7
words.
The SVC Number (Service ID Number) field identifies the Integrated
Services. If the Integrated Services FlowSpec appears in the
CONNECT or CHANGE message, the value of the SVC Number field is 1.
If it appears in the ACCEPT, NOTIFY, or STATUS-RESPONSE message,
the value of the SVC Number field is 5.
The SVC Length (Service-specific Data Length) field for the
Controlled-Load Service is 6 words.
The Param Num (Parameter Number) field is 127.
The Flags (Per-parameter Flags) field is zero.
The Param Length (Length of Per-parameter Data) field is 5 words.
Definitions of the Token Bucket Rate [r], the Token Bucket Size
[b], the Peak Data Rate [p], the Minimum Policed Unit [m], and the
Maximum Packet Size [M] fields are given in [5]. See section 5 of
[5] for details.
The ST2+ agent, that creates the FlowSpec element in the SCMP
message, must assign valid values to all fields. The other agents
must not modify any values in the element.
The MaxMsgSize field in the CONNECT message is assigned by the origin
or the intermediate agent acting as origin, and updated by each agent
based on the MTU value of the datalink layer.
The negotiated value of MaxMsgSize is set back to the origin or the
intermediate agent acting as origin using the [M] field and the
MaxMsgSize field in the ACCEPT message that corresponds to the
CONNECT message.
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In the original definition of the Controlled-Load Service, the value
of the [m] field must be less than or equal to the value of the [M]
field. However, in the ST FlowSpec for the Controlled-Load Service,
if the value of the [m] field is more than that of the [M] field, the
value of the [m] field is regarded as the same value as the [M]
field, and must not generate an error. This is because there is a
possibility that the value of the [M] field in the ACCEPT message may
be decreased by negotiation.
In the ST2+ SCMP messages, the value of the [M] field must be equal
to or less than 65,535. In the ACCEPT message that responds to
CONNECT, or the NOTIFY message that contains the FlowSpec field, the
value of the [M] field must be equal to the MaxMsgSize field in the
message. If these values are not the same, FlowSpec is regarded as
an error.
If the ST2+ agent receives the CONNECT message that contains
unacceptable FlowSpec, the agent must generate a REFUSE message.
3.1.2 ST FlowSpec for Guaranteed Service
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support Guaranteed Services. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0
version.
3.1.3 VC-type common SCMP element
The ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies an additional common SCMP
element that designates the VC type used to support the diverse VC
styles. The CONNECT and CHANGE messages that establish a hop with a
VC must contain a VC-type common SCMP element. This element is valid
between neighboring ST2+ agents, but must not propagate beyond the
previous-hop or next-hop ST2+ agent.
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The format of the VC-type common SCMP element is shown in Fig. 3.2.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PCode = 8 | PBytes = 20 | VCType |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PVCIdentifer |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 0(unused) | UniqueID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OriginIPAddress |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| LIJCallIdentifer |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig. 3.2: Format of VC-type common SCMP element.
The PCode field identifies the common SCMP elements. The PCode
value for the VC type is 8.
The PBytes field for the VC type is 20 bytes.
The VCType field identifies the VC type. The correspondence
between the value in this field and the meaning is as follows:
0: ST2+ data stream uses a PVC.
1: ST2+ data stream uses the reverse channel of the bi-
directional point-to-point SVC used by the existing stream.
2: ST2+ data stream is established by a point-to-point SVC
initiated from the upstream side.
3: ST2+ data stream is established by a point-to-multipoint SVC
initiated from the upstream side.
4: ST2+ data stream is established by a point-to-point SVC
initiated from the downstream side.
5: ST2+ data stream is established by a point-to-multipoint SVC
initiated from the downstream side.
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support VCType 5. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0
version.
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The PVCIdentifer field identifies the PVC identifier uniquely
assigned between neighboring ST2+ agents. This field is valid only
when the VCType field is zero.
The UniqueID and OriginIPAddress fields identify the reverse
channel of the bi-directional point-to-point SVC that is used by
this SID. These fields are valid only when the VCType field is 1.
The LIJCallIdentifer field identifies the LIJ Call Identifier for
point-to-multipoint SVC. This field is valid only when the VCType
field is 5.
3.1.4 Reason Code
The extension of the Reason Code (RFC 1819, Section 10.5.3) to the
ST2+ over ATM protocol is shown below.
57 CantChange Partial changes not supported.
58 NoRecover Stream recovery not supported.
3.2 Restricted Functions of RFC 1819 ST2+
3.2.1 FlowSpec changes
In the following case, the ST2+ over ATM protocol supports stream
FlowSpec changes by using the CHANGE message.
o The I-bit is set to 1 and the G-bit is set to 1.
In the following case, the CHANGE fails and a REFUSE message, with
the E and N-bits set to 1 and the ReasonCode set to CantChange, is
propagated upstream.
o The I and/or G-bits are set to zero.
3.3 Unsupported Functions of RFC 1819 ST2+
3.3.1 ST2+ FlowSpec
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support the ST2+ FlowSpec (RFC
1819, Section 9.2). The ST2+ FlowSpec specifies useful services, but
requires the datalink layer to support heterogeneous QoS to
receivers. The current ATM standard does not support heterogeneous
QoS to receivers.
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
3.3.2 Stream preemption
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support stream preemption (RFC
1819, Section 6.3). This is because the Integrated Services FlowSpec
does not support the concept of precedence.
3.3.3 HELLO message
Implementations may not support the HELLO message (RFC 1819, Section
10.4.7) and thus ST2+ agent failure detection using the HELLO message
(RFC 1819, Section 6.1.2). This is because ATM has an adequate
failure detection mechanism, and the HELLO message is not sufficient
for detecting link failure in the ST2+ over ATM protocol, because the
ST2+ data and the ST2+ SCMP are forwarded through another VC.
3.3.4 Stream recovery
Implementors must select the NoRecover option of the CONNECT message
(RFC 1819, Section 4.4.1) with the S-bit set to 1. This is because
the descriptions of the stream recovery process in RFC 1819 (Sections
5.3.2, 6.2, and 6.2.1) are unclear and incomplete. It is thus
possible that if a link failure occurs and several ST2+ agents detect
it simultaneously, the recovery process may encounter problems.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support stream recovery. If
recovery is needed, the application should support it. A CONNECT
message in which the NoRecover option is not selected will fail; a
REFUSE message in which the N-bit is set to 1 and the ReaseonCode is
set to NoRecover is then propagated upstream.
3.3.5 Subnet Resources Sharing
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support subnet resources sharing
(RFC 1819, Section 7.1.4). This is because ATM does not support the
concept of the MAC layer.
3.3.6 IP encapsulation of ST
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support IP encapsulation of ST
(RFC 1819, Section 8.7), because there is no need to implement IP
encapsulation in this protocol.
3.3.7 IP Multicasting
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not support IP multicasting (RFC
1819, Section 8.8), because this protocol does not support IP
encapsulation of ST.
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3.4 Modified Functions of RFC 1819 ST2+
The ST2+ receiver-oriented stream creation procedure has some fatal
problems: the value of the LnkReferecnce field in the CONNECT message
that is a response to a JOIN message is not valid, ST2+ agent cannot
update the LnkReference field in the JOIN-REJECT message, and ST2+
agent cannot deliver the JOIN-REJECT message to the target because
the JOIN-REJECT message does not contain a TargetList field. To
solve these problems, the ST2+ over ATM protocol modifies the ST2+
protocol processing rules.
3.4.1 Modifications of Message Processing Rules
Modifications of the CONNECT, JOIN, and JOIN-REJECT message
processing rules in the ST2+ over ATM protocol are described in the
following.
o The target that creates a JOIN message assigns the same value as in
the Reference field to the LnkReference field.
o The agent that creates a CONNECT message as a response to a JOIN
message assigns the same value as in the LnkReference field in the
JOIN message to the LnkReference field. In other cases, the value
of the LnkReference field in a CONNECT message is zero.
o The agent that creates a JOIN-REJECT message assigns the same value
as in the LnkReference field in the JOIN message to the
LnkReference field.
o An intermediate agent must not modify the value of the LnkReference
field in the CONNECT, JOIN, or JOIN-REJECT message. Note that this
rule differs from the LnkReference field processing rule in the
ACCEPT and REFUSE messages.
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3.4.2 Modified JOIN-REJECT Control Message
The modified JOIN-REJECT control message in the ST2+ over ATM
protocol is shown in Fig. 3.3
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OpCode = 9 | 0 | TotalBytes |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reference | LnkReference |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SenderIPAddress |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Checksum | ReasonCode |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| GeneratorIPAddress |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: TargetList :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Fig. 3.3: JOIN-REJECT Control Message.
The TargetList is assigned the same TargetList in the JOIN message as
the one that corresponds to the JOIN-REJECT message.
4. Protocol Specification of the User Plane
This section specifies the AAL5 PDU encapusulation for the ST2+ Data
PDU.
4.1 Service Primitives Provided by User Plane
4.1.1 Overview of interactions
The ST2+ data layer entity on the user plane of the ST2+ over ATM
protocol provides the following services to the upper layer.
o st2p_unitdata.req
o st2p_unitdata.ind
4.1.1.1 St2p_unitdata.req
The st2p_unitdata.req primitive sends a request for an ST2+ Data PDU
transfer to the ST2+ data layer entity. The semantics of the
primitive are as follows:
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st2p_unitdata.req (
pri,
sid,
data
)
The pri parameter specifies priority of ST2+ Data PDU. The sid
parameter specifies SID of ST2+ Data PDU. The data parameter
specifies ST2+ data to be transferred.
4.1.1.2 St2p_unitdata.ind
The st2p_unitdata.ind primitive indicates an ST2+ Data PDU delivery
from the ST2+ data layer entity. The semantics of the primitive are
as follows:
st2p_unitdata.ind (
pri [optional],
sid,
data,
status [optional]
)
The pri parameter indicates priority of ST2+ Data PDU, if AAL5 is
used for encapsulating the ST2+ Data PDU. The sid parameter
indicates SID of ST2+ Data PDU. The data parameter indicates
delivered ST2+ data. The status is an optional parameter that
indicates whether the delivered ST2+ data is corrupt or not.
4.2 Service Primitives Provided by AAL5
4.2.1 Requirements for AAL5
The requirements for the AAL5 layer on the ST2+ over ATM user plane
are as follows:
o The SSCS must be null.
o Implementations must use message-mode service.
Note: Selection of the corrupted SDU delivery option on the
receiver side depends on the implementation, so the receiver may or
may not be able to select this option.
4.2.2 Overview of Interactions
The AAL5 layer entity on the ST2+ over ATM user plane provides the
following services to the ST2+ data layer.
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o AAL5_UNITDATA.req
o AAL5_UNITDATA.ind
4.2.2.1 AAL5_UNITDATA.req
The AAL5_UNITDATA.req primitive sends a request for an AAL5 data
(AAL5 CPCS_SDU) transfer from the ST2+ data layer entity to the AAL5
layer entity. The semantics of the primitive are as follows:
AAL5_UNITDATA.req (
DATA,
CPCS_LP,
CPCS_UU
)
The DATA parameter specifies the AAL5 data to be transferred. The
CPCS_LP parameter specifies the value of the CLP field in the ATM
cell. The CPCS_UU parameter specifies the user-to-user data to be
transferred.
4.2.2.2 AAL5_UNITDATA.ind
The AAL5_UNITDATA.ind indicates an AAL5 data (AAL5 CPCS_SDU) delivery
from the AAL5 layer entity to the ST2+ data layer entity. The
semantics of the primitive are as follows:
AAL5_UNITDATA.ind (
DATA,
CPCS_LP,
CPCS_UU,
STATUS [optional]
)
The DATA parameter indicates the delivered AAL5 data. The CPCS_LP
parameter indicates the value of the CLP field in the ATM cell. The
CPCS_UU parameter indicates the delivered user-to-user data. The
STATUS parameter indicates whether the delivered AAL5 data is corrupt
or not. The STATUS parameter is an optional parameter, and valid
only when the corrupted SDU delivery option is selected.
4.3 AAL5 Encapsulation for ST2+ Data PDU
4.3.1 Mapping from st2_unitdata.req to AAL5_UNITDATA.req
The ST2+ Data PDU is directly assigned to the DATA parameter in
AAL5_UNITDATA.req. That is, as shown in Fig. 4.1, the ST2+ Data PDU
is mapped to the payload of AAL5 CPCS_PDU.
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+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ data | ST2+
| header| | Data PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
Fig. 4.1: Mapping of ST2+ data to AAL5 CPCS_PDU payload.
The value of CPCS_LP in AAL5_UNITDATA.req depends on the
implementation: 1 (low priority) or zero (high priority) may be
assigned permanently, or they may be assigned depending on the value
of pri in st2_unitdata.req.
The value of the CPCS_UU indication field in AAL5_UNITDATA.req is set
to zero.
4.3.2 Mapping from AAL5_UNITDATA.ind to st2p_unitdata.ind
The DATA parameter in AL5_UNITDATA.ind is directly assigned to the
ST2+ Data PDU. That is, the payload in AAL5 CPCS_PDU is mapped to
the ST2+ Data PDU.
If the value of STATUS in AAL5_UNITDATA.ind is valid, it is assigned
to the status in st2p_unitdata.ind.
4.3.3 Value of MTU
The value of MTU is Maximum CPCS_SDU size.
5. Protocol Specification of the Management Plane
The management plane specifies the Null FlowSpec, the Controlled-Load
Service FlowSpec, and the Guaranteed Service FlowSpec mapping rules
for UNI 3.1 traffic management.
5.1 Mapping of the Null FlowSpec
The Null FlowSpec is mapped to the UBR (VBR with the Best Effort
Indicator).
The value of the PCR (CLP=0+1) is shown in section 6.7.2.
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5.2 Mapping of the Controlled-Load Service FlowSpec
The Controlled-Load FlowSpec is mapped to the VBR whose PCR
(CLP=0+1), SCR (CLP=0+1), and MBS (CLP=0+1) are specified.
The value of the PCR (CLP=0+1) is shown in section 6.7.2.
Let scr be the calculated value of the SCR (CLP=0+1). Based on the
value of the [r] field in the Controlled-Load FlowSpec, it is given
by:
scr = ([r] / 48) * S,
where S is the coefficient of segmentation, and in an implementation,
it must be configurable to any value between 1.0 and 56.0. The
recommended default value is 1.2. The value of the SCR (CLP=0+1) is
a minimum integer equal to or more than the calculated value of the
scr.
Let mbs be the calculated value of the MBS (CLP=0+1). Based on the
value of the [b] field in the Controlled-Load FlowSpec, it is given
by:
mbs = ([b] / 48) * S.
The value of the MBS (CLP=0+1) is a minimum integer equal to or more
than the calculated value of the mbs.
The values of the [p] and [m] fields in the Controlled-Load FlowSpec
are ignored.
5.3 Mapping of the Guaranteed Service FlowSpec
Note: The UNI 3.1 version of the ST2+ over ATM protocol does not
support Guaranteed Services. It will be supported by the UNI 3.1/4.0
version.
6. Protocol Specification of the Control Plane
This section specifies the rules for encapsulating the ST2+ SCMP PDU
into the AAL5 PDU, the relationship between ST2+ SCMP and PVC
management for ST2+ data, and the protocol interaction between ST2+
SCMP and UNI 3.1 signaling.
6.1 AAL5 Encapsulation for ST2+ SCMP PDU
This subsection describes AAL5 PDU encapsulation for the ST2+ SCMP
PDU. ST2+ Data PDU compatible encapsulation, AAL5 encapsulation
based on RFC 1483, and on the RFC 1483 extension are specified.
Selection of which one to use depends on the implementation.
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The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not cover a VC (SVC/PVC) that
transfers ST2+ SCMP. VCs for IPv4 transfer may be used for ST2+ SCMP
transfer, and implementations may provide particular VCs for ST2+
SCMP transfer. Selection of these VCs depends on the implementation.
6.1.1 ST2+ Data PDU compatible encapsulation
The ST2+ Data PDU compatible encapsulation is shown in Fig. 6.1: the
ST2+ SCMP PDU is mapped to the payload of AAL5 CPCS_PDU.
Implementors should note that this encapsulation is not applicable
when the ST2+ SCMP PDU is multiplexed with other protocols.
+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
| header| | SCMP PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
Fig. 6.1: ST2+ Data PDU conpatible encapsulation.
6.1.2 RFC 1483 base encapsulation
The RFC 1483 base encapsulation is shown in Fig. 6.2: the ST2+ SCMP
PDU with the RFC 1483 LLC encapsulation for routed protocol format is
mapped to the payload in AAL5 CPCS_PDU.
+------+----------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
|header| | SCMP PDU
+------+----------------+
: :
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
|LLC|OUI|PID| Information | IEEE 802 SNAP
| | | | | ISO 8802-2 LLC
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
Fig. 6.2: RFC 1483 base encapsulation.
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The value of the LLC is 0xAA-AA-03, the value of the OUI is 0x00-00-
00, and the value of the PID is 0x08-00. The classification of the
IPv4 and the ST2+ SCMP is determined by the IP version number, which
is located in the first four bits of the IPv4 or ST headers.
6.1.3 RFC 1483 extension base encapsulation
The RFC 1483 extension base encapsulation is the same as for RFC 1483
base encapsulation, except that the value of the OUI is 0x00-00-5E
(IANA) and the value of the PID is 0xXX-XX (TBD).
The RFC 1483 base encapsulation for the SCMP is ideal, but requires
modifying the IPv4 processing in the driver software of the WS or PC.
Therefore, the RFC 1483 base encapsulation may be difficult to
implement. This encapsulation is designed to solve this problem.
6.2 Service Primitives Provided by Control Plane
RFC 1819 ST2+ does not specify SCMP state machines. And the ST2+
over ATM protocol does not correspond to SCMP state machines.
Therefore, the control plane specification assumes the following.
o The ST2+ agent has ST2+ SCMP layer entities that correspond to the
next hops and the previous hop in the stream.
o The SCMP layer entity terminates ACK, ERROR, and timeout processing
and provides reliable SCMP delivery.
o The origin consists of an upper layer entity, ST2+ SCMP layer
entities for next hops, and a routing machine that delivers SCMP
messages between these entities.
o The intermediate agent consists of ST2+ SCMP layer entities for a
previous hop and for next hops and a routing machine that delivers
SCMP messages between these entities.
o The target consists of an upper layer entity, an ST2+ SCMP layer
entity for a previous hop, and a routing machine that delivers SCMP
messages between these entities.
At least, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the next hop provides the
following services to the routing machine.
o connect.req
This primitive sends a request for a CONNECT message transfer to
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
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o change.req
This primitive sends a request for a CHANGE message transfer to the
ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o accept.ind
This primitive indicates an ACCEPT message delivery from the ST2+
SCMP layer entity.
o disconnect.req
This primitive sends a request for a DISCONNECT message transfer to
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o refuse.ind
This primitive indicates a REFUSE message delivery from the ST2+
SCMP layer entity, or indicates detection of an abnormal status
such as an illegal message or timeout in the ST2+ SCMP layer
entity.
At least, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the previous hop provides
the following services to the routing machine.
o connect.ind
This primitive indicates a CONNECT message delivery from the ST2+
SCMP layer entity.
o change.ind
This primitive indicates a CHANGE message delivery from the ST2+
SCMP layer entity.
o accept.req
This primitive sends a request for an ACCEPT message transfer to
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o disconnect.ind
This primitive indicates a DISCONNECT message delivery from the
ST2+ SCMP layer entity, or indicates detection of an abnormal
status such as an illegal message or timeout in the ST2+ SCMP layer
entity.
o refuse.req
This primitive sends a request for a REFUSE message transfer to the
ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
6.3 Service Primitives Provided by UNI 3.1 Signaling
The UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity on the ST2+ over ATM control plane
provides the following services to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity. The
ST2+ over ATM protocol does not specify the UNI 3.1 signaling state
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machines. These are defined in [10, 12, 13].
o setup.req
This primitive sends a request for a SETUP message transfer from
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity.
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive receives an
acknowledgment. If the setup succeeds the acknowledgment is a
setup.conf primitive and if the setup fails it is a release.ind or
release.conf primitive.
o setup.conf
This primitive indicates a CONNECT message delivery from the UNI
3.1 signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o setup.ind
This primitive indicates a SETUP message delivery from the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity. The ST2+
SCMP layer entity that received this primitive sends an
acknowledgment. If the setup is accepted the acknowledgment is a
setup.resp primitive and if the setup is rejected it is a
release.resp primitive if the state of the UNI 3.1 signaling layer
entity is U6; otherwise it is a release.req primitive.
o setup.resp
This primitive sends a request for a CONNECT message transfer from
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity.
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive receives an
acknowledgment. If the setup is completed the acknowledgment is a
setup-complete.ind primitive and if the setup fails it is a
release.ind or release.conf primitive.
o setup-complete.ind
This primitive indicates a CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE message delivery
from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer
entity.
o release.req
This primitive sends a request for a RELEASE message transfer from
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity.
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive receives an
acknowledgment that is a release.conf primitive.
o release.conf
This primitive indicates a RELEASE COMPLETE message delivery, or
indicates a RELEASE message delivery when the status of the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity is U11, or indicates detection of an
abnormal status such as an illegal message or timeout in the UNI
3.1 signaling layer entity, from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o release.ind
This primitive indicates a RELEASE message delivery from the UNI
3.1 signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity when the
status of the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity is other than U11.
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that received this primitive sends an
acknowledgment that is a release.resp primitive. And this
primitive also indicates detection of an abnormal status such as an
illegal message or timeout in the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity
and then a REFUSE message is transferred. In this case, the ST2+
SCMP layer entity that received this primitive receives a
release.conf primitive in succession.
o release.resp
This primitive sends a request for a RELEASE COMPLETE message
transfer from the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling
layer entity.
o add-party.req
This primitive sends a request for an ADD PARTY message transfer
from the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer
entity. The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive
receives an acknowledgment. If the setup is succeeds the
acknowledgment is an add-party.conf primitive and if the setup
fails it is a drop-party.conf primitive.
o add-party.conf
This primitive indicates an ADD PARTY ACKNOWLEDGE message delivery
from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer
entity.
o drop-party.req
This primitive sends a request for a DROP PARTY message transfer
from the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer
entity. The ST2+ SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive
receives an acknowledgment that is a drop-party.conf primitive.
o drop-party.conf
This primitive indicates an ADD PARTY REJECT message delivery, or
indicates a DROP PARTY ACKNOWLEDGE message delivery, or indicates
detection of an abnormal status such as an illegal message or
timeout in the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity, from the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
o drop-party.ind
This primitive indicates a DROP PARTY message delivery from the UNI
3.1 signaling layer entity to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity. The ST2+
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SCMP layer entity that sent this primitive receives an
acknowledgment that is a drop-party.resp primitive.
o drop-party.resp
This primitive sends a request for a DROP PARTY ACKNOWLEDGE message
transfer from the ST2+ SCMP layer entity to the UNI 3.1 signaling
layer entity.
6.4 VC Style Selection Criteria
The ST2+ over ATM protocol supports PVC, the reverse channel of bi-
directional SVC, point-to-point SVC, and point-to-multipoint SVC for
ST2+ Data PDU transfer. And SVC supports both upstream and
downstream call initiation styles.
A 32-bit PVC identifier that is unique between neighboring ST2+
agents is assigned to each PVC. And the reverse channel of the bi-
directional point-to-point SVC used by the existing stream is
identified by the SID of the stream that occupies the forward
channel.
When the ST2+ agent sets up a stream or changes QoS, the ST2+ agent
must select one VC style from these SVC and PVC styles as a hop that
is part of the stream. In the ST2+ over ATM protocol, VC style
selection criteria depend on the implementation.
This subsection describes examples of VC style selection criteria for
the ST2+ over ATM protocol as a reference for implementors. Note
that the following descriptions in this subsection are not part of
the ST2+ over ATM protocol specification.
6.4.1 Examples of PVC selection criteria
At least, the ST2+ agent may have to manage the following information
for each PVC that can be used by ST2+ Data PDU transfer.
o PVC identifier
o ATM interface identifier in the ST2+ agent
o VPI/VCI
o State of VC: e.g. enabled or disabled, occupied or vacant
o QoS of VC
o Nexthop IP address
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When a PVC is selected for a hop of a stream, at least confirmations,
that is the state of the PVC is vacant and the next hop IP address
and QoS are consistent with the requirements from the stream, may be
needed.
It is also feasible to introduce access lists to each PVC and to
consider the access lists in the selection process. Examples of an
access list are shown in the following.
o Permit or deny use by a stream whose the previous hop is specified.
o Permit or deny use by a stream whose the origin is specified.
o Permit or deny use by a stream whose the SID is specified.
o Permit or deny use by a stream whose the target is specified.
o Permit or deny use by a stream whose the target and SAP are
specified.
o Any combination of the above.
6.4.2 Examples of reverse channel of bi-directional SVC selection
criteria
At least, the ST2+ agent may have to manage the following information
for each reverse channel of bi-directional SVCs.
o SID of the stream that occupies the forward channel
o ATM interface identifier in the ST2+ agent
o VPI/VCI
o State of the reverse channel in the VC: e.g. enabled or disabled,
occupied or vacant
o QoS of VC
o Nexthop IP address
When a reverse channel of the bi-directional point-to-point SVC used
by the existing stream is selected for a hop of a stream, at least
confirmations, that is the state of the channel is vacant and the
next hop IP address and QoS are consistent with the requirements from
the stream, may be needed.
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It is also feasible to introduce selection rules to the ST2+ agent.
Examples of selection rule are shown in the following.
o Permit reuse of the reverse channel by a stream whose the origin is
one of targets in the stream that occupies the forward channel.
o Permit reuse of the reverse channel by a stream whose one of
targets is the origin in the stream that occupies the forward
channel.
o Permit reuse of the reverse channel by a stream whose the previous
hop is one of the next hops in the stream that occupies the forward
channel.
o Any combination of the avobe.
6.4.3 Examples of SVC selection criteria
When an SVC is used for a hop of a stream, at first, the ST2+ agent
must select point-to-point or point-to-multipoint SVC. Examples of
this selection rule are shown in the following.
o If the network supports only point-to-point SVC, select it.
o If the network supports point-to-multipoint SVC, select it.
If point-to-point SVC is selected, the ST2+ agent must select
upstream or downstream call initiation style. Examples of this
selection rule are shown in the following.
o A VC for a stream whose previous hop is specified is initiated from
upstream or downstream.
o A VC for a stream whose next hop is specified is initiated from
upstream or downstream.
o A VC for a stream whose origin is specified is initiated from
upstream or downstream.
o A VC for a stream whose SID is specified is initiated from upstream
or downstream.
o A VC for a stream whose target is specified is initiated from
upstream or downstream.
o A VC for a stream whose target and SAP are specified is initiated
from upstream or downstream.
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o Any combination of the above.
6.5 VC Management
This subsection specifies VC management in the ST2+ over ATM
protocol.
6.5.1 Outgoing call processing of SVC
When outgoing call processing of the first leaf of a point-to-
multipoint SVC or a point-to-point SVC is required inside the ST2+
SCMP layer entity, a setup.req primitive is sent to the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity. If the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity
responds with a setup.conf primitive, the call processing is assumed
to have succeeded. If the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity responds
with anything other than this primitive, the processing rule is the
same as the SVC disconnect processing that is shown in section 6.5.4
and the outgoing call processing is assumed to have failed.
When outgoing call processing of a later leaf of a point-to-
multipoint SVC is required, an add-party.req primitive is sent to the
UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity. If the UNI 3.1 signaling layer
entity responds with an add-party.conf primitive, the call processing
is assumed to have succeeded. If the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity
responds with anything other than this primitive, the processing rule
is the same as the SVC disconnect processing that is shown in section
6.5.4 and the outgoing call processing is assumed to have failed.
6.5.2 Incoming call processing of SVC
When an incoming call processing of SVC is required inside the ST2+
SCMP layer entity, it sets a watchdog timer. The time interval of
the timer depends on the implementation.
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity waits for a setup.ind primitive indication
from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity. When this primitive is
indicated and the parameters in it are acceptable, the ST2+ SCMP
layer entity responds with a setup.resp primitive. If the parameters
are not acceptable, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity stops the timer, and
if the state of the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity is U6, the entity
responds with a release.resp primitive, and if the state is other
than this, the entity responds with a release.req primitive, and then
waits for a release.conf primitive response and the incoming call
processing is assumed to have failed.
If the ST2+ SCMP layer entity responds with a setup.resp primitive,
then the entity waits for the next primitive indication, and when the
next primitive is indicated, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity stops the
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
timer. If a setup-complete.ind primitive is indicated, the incoming
call processing is assumed to have succeeded. If the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity responds with anything other than this
primitive or if the timer expires, the processing rule is the same as
the SVC disconnect processing that is shown in section 6.5.4 and the
incoming call processing is assumed to have failed.
6.5.3 VC release processing inside ST2+ SCMP layer
When a VC release is required inside an ST2+ SCMP layer entity, if
the previous hop or next hop is connected with a PVC, the PVC state
is set to vacant and the VC release processing is assumed to be
completed.
If the previous hop or next hop is connected with a point-to-point
SVC whose reverse channel is occupied, the state of the channel in
the VC is set to vacant, the SID information of the VC is updated,
and the VC release processing is assumed to be completed.
If the previous hop or next hop is connected with a point-to-point
SVC whose reverse channel is vacant, if the previous hop is connected
with a point-to-multipoint SVC, or if the next hop is connected with
a point-to-multipoint SVC and the number of leaves is 1, then the
ST2+ SCMP layer entity sends a release.req primitive to the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity, then waits for a release.conf primitive
indication; when one is indicated, the VC release processing is
assumed to be completed.
If the next hop is connected with a point-to-multipoint SVC and the
number of leaves is other than 1, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity sends a
drop-party.req primitive to the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity, then
waits for a drop-party.conf primitive indication; when one is
indicated, the VC release processing is assumed to be completed.
6.5.4 VC disconnect processing from UNI 3.1 signaling layer
If an ST2+ SCMP layer entity corresponds to a UNI 3.1 signaling layer
entity, and if the ST2+ SCMP layer entity is sent a release.ind
primitive from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity, whose cause is a
delivery of a RELEASE message, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity responds
with a release.resp primitive, and then the VC disconnect processing
is assumed to be completed. If the ST2+ SCMP layer entity is sent a
release.ind primitive, whose cause is other than the previous case,
the ST2+ SCMP layer entity waits for a release.conf primitive
response. When a release.conf primitive is indicated, the VC
disconnect processing is assumed to be completed.
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Note that if next hops from ST2+ SCMP layer entities are connected
with a point-to-multipoint SVC, the ST2+ SCMP layer entities to next
hops correspond to a UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity. In this case,
if the ST2+ SCMP layer entities are sent release.ind primitives from
the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity, whose cause is the delivery of a
RELEASE message, one of the ST2+ SCMP layer entities responds with a
release.resp primitive, and then the VC disconnect processing in the
entities that are sent release.ind primitives are assumed to be
completed. If the ST2+ SCMP layer entities are sent release.ind
primitives, whose cause is other than the previous case, the ST2+
SCMP layer entities wait for release.conf primitives responses. When
release.conf primitives are indicated, the VC disconnect processing
in the entities that are indicated release.ind primitives are assumed
to be completed.
If the ST2+ SCMP layer entity is sent a drop-party.ind primitive from
the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
responds with a drop-party.resp primitive, and then the VC disconnect
processing is assumed to be completed. If the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
is sent a drop-party.conf primitive, the VC disconnect processing is
assumed to be completed.
6.6 Additional SCMP Processing Rules
This subsection specifies the additional SCMP processing rules that
are defined in RFC 1819 ST2+ protocol specification. The following
additional rules are applied when the previous hop or next hop is
connected with an ATM connection in the ST2+ SCMP layer entity.
6.6.1 Additional connect.req processing rules
When a connect.req primitive is sent to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
for the next hop, the entity confirms whether or not the VC for the
next hop exists.
If it does, the entity forwards a CONNECT message that does not
include a VC-type common SCMP element to the next hop.
If it does not, the entity selects a VC style. If the result is a
PVC or a reverse channel of a bi-directional point-to-point SVC used
by an existing stream, the VC state is set to occupied. The entity
forwards a CONNECT message with a VC-type common SCMP element that
reflects the result of the selection to the next hop.
6.6.2 Additional connect.ind processing rules
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the previous hop confirms whether or
not the CONNECT message includes a VC-type common SCMP element.
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If a VC-type common SCMP element is not included and the VC for the
next hop exists, a connect.ind primitive is sent to the routing
machine. If the VC for the next hop does not exist, a REFUSE message
is forwarded to the previous hop.
If a VC-type common SCMP element is included and a point-to-point
SVC, whose calling party is the upstream or downstream, or a point-
to-multipoint SVC is specified, a connect.ind primitive is sent to
the routing machine. If a PVC or a reverse channel of a bi-
directional point-to-point SVC used by an existing stream is
specified and the specified VC exists, the VC state is set to
occupied and a connect.ind primitive is sent to the routing machine.
Otherwise, a REFUSE message is forwarded to the previous hop.
6.6.3 Additional change.req processing rules
When a change.req primitive is sent to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for
the next hop, the entity releases the VC whose process is shown in
section 6.5.3.
Then, the entity selects a VC style. If the result is a PVC or a
reverse channel of a bi-directional point-to-point SVC used by an
existing stream, the VC state is set to occupied. The entity
forwards a CHANGE message with a VC-type common SCMP element that
reflects the result of the selection to the next hop.
6.6.4 Additional change.ind processing rules
The ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the previous hop confirms whether the
CHANGE message includes a VC-type common SCMP element. If a VC-type
common SCMP element is not included, a REFUSE message is forwarded to
the previous hop.
If a VC-type common SCMP element is included, the entity releases the
VC whose process is shown in section 6.5.3. If the element specifies
a point-to-point SVC, whose calling party is the upstream or
downstream, or a point-to-multipoint SVC, a change.ind primitive is
sent to the routing machine. If a PVC or a reverse channel of a bi-
directional point-to-point SVC used by an existing stream is
specified and the specified VC exists, the VC state is set to
occupied and a change.ind primitive is sent to the routing machine.
Otherwise, a REFUSE message is forwarded to the previous hop.
6.6.5 Additional accept.req processing rules
When an accept.req primitive is sent to the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
for the previous hop, the entity confirms the state of the UNI 3.1
signaling layer entity. If the state of the entity is other than U0
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or U10, the accept.req primitive is queued and is processed after the
state changes to U0 or U10.
If the state of the entity is U0 or U10, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
confirms whether or not the VC for the previous hop exists. If it
does, an ACCEPT message is forwarded to the previous hop.
If it does not and the CONNECT or CHANGE message that corresponds to
the accept.req primitive specified a point-to-point SVC whose calling
party is the upstream or a point-to-multipoint SVC, then the entity
processes an incoming call that is shown in section 6.5.2. If the
incoming call processing succeeds, an ACCEPT message is forwarded to
the previous hop. If the CONNECT or CHANGE message that corresponds
to the accept.req primitive specified a point-to-point SVC whose
calling party is downstream, the entity converts from the IP address
of the previous hop to the ATM address, and then the entity processes
an outgoing call that is shown in section 6.5.1. If the outgoing
call processing succeeds, an ACCEPT message is forwarded to the
previous hop. For cases other than those described above or if the
incoming or outgoing call processing fails, a REFUSE message is
forwarded to the previous hop and a disconnect.ind primitive is sent
to the routing machine.
6.6.6 Additional accept.ind processing rules
When an ACCEPT message is processed in the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for
the next hop, the entity confirms the state of the UNI 3.1 signaling
layer entity. If the state of the entity is other than U0 or U10,
the ACCEPT message is queued and is processed after the state changes
to U0 or U10.
If the state of the entity is U0 or U10, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
confirms whether or not the VC for the next hop exists. If it does,
an accept.ind primitive is sent to the routing machine.
If it does not and the CONNECT or CHANGE message that corresponds to
the ACCEPT message specified a point-to-point SVC whose calling party
is the upstream or a point-to-multipoint SVC, then the entity
converts from the IP address of the next hop to the ATM address, and
then the entity processes an outgoing call that is shown in section
6.5.1. If the outgoing call processing succeeds, an accept.ind
primitive is sent to the routing machine. If the CONNECT or CHANGE
message that corresponds to the ACCEPT message specified a point-to-
point SVC whose calling party is downstream, the entity processes an
incoming call that is shown in section 6.5.2. If the incoming call
processing succeeds, an accept.ind primitive is sent to the routing
machine. For cases other than those described above or if the
incoming or outgoing call processing fails, a refuse.ind primitive is
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sent to the routing machine and a DISCONNECT message is forwarded to
the next hop.
6.6.7 Additional disconnect.req processing rules
At first, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the next hop forwards a
DISCONNECT message to the next hop.
And then, after the disconnect.req processing, if there are no more
targets that are connected downstream of the entity and the entity is
not waiting for an ACCEPT or REFUSE message response from targets,
the entity releases the VC whose process is shown in section 6.5.3.
6.6.8 Additional disconnect.ind processing rules
AT first, after the disconnect.ind processing, if there are no more
targets that are connected downstream of the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
for the previous hop and the entity is not waiting for an ACCEPT or
REFUSE message response from targets, the entity releases the VC
whose process is shown in section 6.5.3.
And then, the entity sends a disconnect.ind primitive to the routing
machine.
6.6.9 Additional refuse.req processing rules
At first, the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the previous hop forwards a
REFUSE message to the previous hop.
And then, after the refuse.req processing, if there are no more
targets that are connected downstream of the entity and the entity is
not waiting for an ACCEPT or REFUSE message response from targets,
the entity releases the VC whose process is shown in section 6.5.3.
6.6.10 Additional refuse.ind processing rules
At first, after the refuse.ind processing, if there are no more
targets that are connected downstream of the ST2+ SCMP layer entity
for the next hop and the entity is not waiting for an ACCEPT or
REFUSE message response from targets, the entity releases the VC
whose process is shown in section 6.5.3.
And then, the entity sends a refuse.ind primitive to the routing
machine.
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6.6.11 SVC disconnect processing
When the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the previous hop is sent a SVC
disconnect processing from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity and
then the SVC disconnect processing is completed, the entity forwards
a REFUSE message to the previous hop and sends a disconnect.ind
primitive to the routing machine.
When the ST2+ SCMP layer entity for the next hop is sent a SVC
disconnect processing from the UNI 3.1 signaling layer entity and
then the SVC disconnect processing is completed, the entity sends a
refuse.ind primitive to the routing machine and forwards a DISCONNECT
message to the previous hop.
6.7 UNI 3.1 Signaling Information Element Coding Rules
The ST2+ over ATM protocol does not specify the coding rules needed
for the following information elements in UNI 3.1 signaling. The
usages of these information elements are specified in [10].
o Protocol discriminator
o Call reference
o Message type
o Message length
o Call state
o Called party number
o Called party subaddress
o Calling party number
o Calling party subaddress
o Cause
o Connection identifier
o Broadband repeat indicator
o Restart indicator
o Broadband sending complete
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o Transit network selection
o Endpoint reference
o Endpoint state
6.7.1 ATM adaptation layer parameters coding
The SETUP and ADD PARTY messages in the ST2+ over ATM protocol must
include an ATM adaptation layer parameters information element. The
CONNECT message may or may not include this element. The coding
rules for the fields are as follows.
o The AAL Type is set to AAL5.
o The value of the Forward maximum CPCS size field is set to the same
as that of the MaxMsgSize field in the CONNECT SCMP message
corresponding to the SETUP or ADD PARTY message.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the value of the
Backward maximum CPCS size field is set the same as that of the
Forward maximum CPCS size field. If the VC is established as a
point-to-multipoint call, the value of the Backward maximum CPCS
size field is set to zero.
o The SSCS type is set to null.
6.7.2 ATM traffic descriptor coding
If the Null FlowSpec is specified in the ST2+ over ATM protocol, the
coding rules for the fields in the ATM traffic descriptor information
element in the SETUP message are as follows.
o The value of the Forward PCR (CLP=0+1) field depends on the
specification of the ATM network. The Forward PCR (CLP=0+1) field
in each ATM interface in an implementation must be configurable to
any value between zero and 16,777,215.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the value of the
Backward PCR (CLP=0+1) field is set the same as that of the Forward
PCR (CLP=0+1) field. If the VC is established as a point-to-
multipoint call, the value of the Backward PCR (CLP=0+1) field is
set to zero.
o The Best effort indication must be present.
If the Controlled-Load Service FlowSpec is specified, the coding
rules for the fields are as follows.
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o The value of the Forward PCR (CLP=0+1) field depends on the
specification of the ATM network. The Forward PCR (CLP=0+1) field
in each ATM interface in an implementation must be configurable to
any value between zero and 16,777,215.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the value of the
Backward PCR (CLP=0+1) field is set the same as that of the Forward
PCR (CLP=0+1) field. If the VC is established as a point-to-
multipoint call, the value of the Backward PCR (CLP=0+1) field is
set to zero.
o The method for calculating the Forward SCR (CLP=0+1) field is shown
in section 5.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the value of the
Backward SCR (CLP=0+1) field is set the same as that of the Forward
SCR (CLP=0+1) field. If the VC is established as a point-to-
multipoint call, this field must not be present.
o The method for calculating the Forward MBS (CLP=0+1) field is shown
in section 5.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the value of the
Backward MBS (CLP=0+1) field is set the same as that of the Forward
MBS (CLP=0+1) field. If the VC is established as a point-to-
multipoint call, this field must not be present.
o The Best effort indication, Tagging backward, and Tagging forward
fields must not be present.
6.7.3 Broadband bearer capability coding
If the Null FlowSpec is specified in the ST2+ over ATM protocol, the
coding rules for the fields in the Broadband bearer capability
information element in the SETUP message are as follows.
o The Bearer class depends on the specification of the ATM network.
The Bearer class in each ATM interface in an implementation must be
configurable as either BCOB-X or BCOB-C. BCOB-X is recommended as
the default configuration.
o The Traffic type and Timing requirements fields must not be
present.
o The Susceptibility to clipping field is set to not susceptible to
clipping.
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o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the User plane
connection configuration field is set to point-to-point, and if the
VC is established as a point-to-multipoint call, it is set to
point-to-multipoint.
If the Controlled-Load Service FlowSpec is specified, the coding
rules for the fields are as follows.
o The Bearer class depends on the specification of the ATM network.
The Bearer class in each ATM interface in an implementation must be
configurable as either BCOB-X or BCOB-C. BCOB-X is recommended as
the default configuration.
o If the Bearer class is BCOB-X, the Traffic type and Timing
requirements fields depend on the specification of the ATM network.
The Traffic type and Timing requirements fields in each ATM
interface in an implementation must be configurable as either no
indication or VBR and Not required, respectively. No indication is
recommended as the default configuration. If the Bearer class is
BCOB-C, the Traffic type and Timing requirements fields must not be
present.
o The Susceptibility to clipping field depends on the specification
of the ATM network. The Susceptibility to clipping field in each
ATM interface in an implementation must be configurable as either
not susceptible to clipping or susceptible to clipping. Not
susceptible to clipping is recommended as the default
configuration.
o If the VC is established as a point-to-point call, the User plane
connection configuration field is set to point-to-point, and if the
VC is established as a point-to-multipoint call, it is set to
point-to-multipoint.
6.7.4 Broadband high layer information coding
The SETUP and ADD PARTY messages in the ST2+ over ATM protocol must
include a Broadband high layer information information element. The
coding rules for the fields are as follows.
o The High layer information type is set to User specific.
o The first 6 bytes in the High layer information field are set to
the SID of the stream corresponding to the VC.
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6.7.5 Broadband low layer information coding
The SETUP and ADD PARTY messages in the ST2+ over ATM protocol must
include a Broadband low layer information information element. The
CONNECT message may or may not include this element. The coding
rules for the fields are as follows.
o The User information layer 3 protocol field is set to ISO/IEC TR
9577.
o The IPI field is set to IEEE 802.1 SNAP (0x80).
o The OUI field is set to IANA (0x00-00-5E).
o The PID field is set to ST2+ (TBD).
6.7.6 QoS parameter coding
If the Null FlowSpec is specified in the ST2+ over ATM protocol, the
coding rules for the fields in the QoS parameter in the SETUP message
are as follows.
o The QoS class forward and QoS class backward fields are set to QoS
class 0.
If the Controlled-Load Service FlowSpec is specified, the coding
rules for the fields are as follows.
o The QoS class forward and QoS class backward fields depend on the
specification of the ATM network. The QoS class forward and QoS
class backward fields in each ATM interface in an implementation
must be configurable as either QoS class 0 or QoS class 3. QoS
class 0 is recommended as the default configuration.
7. Security Considerations
The ST2+ over ATM protocol modifies RFC 1819 ST2+ protocol, but
basically these modifications are minimum extensions for ATM support
and bug fixes, so they do not weaken the security of the ST2+
protocol.
The ST2+ over ATM protocol specifies protocol interaction between
ST2+ and UNI 3.1, and this does not weaken the security of the UNI
3.1 protocol.
In an ST2+ agent that processes an incoming call of SVC, if the
incoming SETUP message contains the calling party number and if it is
verified and passed by the ATM network or it is provided by the
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network, then it is feasible to use the calling party number for part
of the calling party authentication to strengthen security.
References
[1] Borden, M., Crawley, E., Davie, B., and S. Batsell, "Integration
of Real-time Services in an IP-ATM Network Architecture", RFC
1821, August 1995.
[2] Jackowski, S., "Native ATM Support for ST2+", RFC 1946, May 1996.
[3] S. Damaskos and A. Gavras, "Connection Oriented Protocols over
ATM: A case study", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 2188, pp.226-278, February
1994.
[4] Delgrossi, L., and L. Berger, Ed., "Internet Stream Protocol
Version 2 (ST2) Protocol Specification - Version ST2+", RFC 1819,
August 1995.
[5] Wroclawski, J., "Specification of the Controlled-Load Network
Element Service", RFC 2211, September 1997.
[6] Shenker, S., Partridge, C., and R. Guerin, "Specification of
Guaranteed Quality of Service", RFC 2212, September 1997.
[7] Wroclawski, J., "The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services",
RFC 2210, September 1997.
[8] Garrett, M., and M. Borden, "Interoperation of Controlled-Load
Service and Guaranteed Service with ATM", RFC 2381, August 1998.
[9] Ghanwani, A., Pace, J., and V. Srinivasan, "A Framework for
Providing Integrated Services Over Shared and Switched LAN
Technologies", Work in Progress.
[10] The ATM Forum, "ATM User-Network Interface Specification
Version 3.1", September 1994.
[11] The ATM Forum, "ATM User-Network Interface (UNI) Signaling
Specification Version 4.0", af-sig-0061.000, July 1996.
[12] ITU-T, "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN)-
Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 2 (DSS 2)-User-Network
Interface (UNI) Layer 3 Specification for Basic Call/Connection
Control", ITU-T Recommendation Q.2931, September 1995.
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RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM August 1998
[13] ITU-T, "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN)-
Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 2 (DSS 2)-User-Network
Interface Layer 3 Specification for Point-to-Multipoint
Call/Connection Control", ITU-T Recommendation Q.2971, October
1995.
[14] ITU-T, "B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model and its Application",
CCITT Recommendation I.321, April 1991.
[15] ITU-T, "B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) type 5 specification",
Draft new ITU-T Recommendation I.363.5, September 1995.
[16] Heinanen, J., "Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation
Layer 5", RFC 1483, July 1993.
[17] Laubach, M., "Classical IP and ARP over ATM", RFC 1577, January
1994.
[18] Perez, M., Liaw, F., Mankin, A., Hoffman, E., Grossman, D., and
A. Malis, "ATM Signaling Support for IP over ATM", RFC 1755,
February 1995.
[19] Luciani, J., Katz, D., Piscitello, D., and B. Cole, "NBMA Next
Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)", RFC 2332, April 1998.
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Acknowledgments
ATM is a huge technology and without the help of many colleagues at
NTT who are involved in ATM research and development, it would have
been impossible for me to complete this protocol specification. I
would like to thank Hideaki Arai and Naotaka Morita of the NTT
Network Strategy Planning Dept., Shin-ichi Kuribayashi, Jun Aramomi,
and Takumi Ohba of the NTT Network Service Systems Labs., and also
Hisao Uose and Yoshikazu Oda of the NTT Multimedia Networks Labs.
for their valuable comments and discussions.
And I would also like to especially thank Eric Crawley of Gigapacket
Networks, John Wroclawski of MIT, Steven Jackowski of Net Manage,
Louis Berger of FORE Systems, Steven Willis of Bay Networks, Greg
Burch of Qosnetics, and Denis Gallant, James Watt, and Joel Halpern
of Newbridge Networks for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Also this specification is based on various discussions during NTT
Multimedia Joint Project with NACSIS. I would like to thank
Professor Shoichiro Asano of the National Center for Science
Information Systems for his invaluable advice in this area.
Author's Address
Muneyoshi Suzuki
NTT Multimedia Networks Laboratories
3-9-11, Midori-cho
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan
Phone: +81-422-59-2119
Fax: +81-422-59-2829
EMail: suzuki@nal.ecl.net
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Appendix A. RFC 1819 ST2+ Errata
A.1 4.3 SCMP Reliability
The following sentence in the second paragraph:
< For some SCMP messages (CONNECT, CHANGE, JOIN, and STATUS) the
should be changed to
> For some SCMP messages (CONNECT, CHANGE, and JOIN) the
A.2 4.4.4 User Data
The following sentence:
< option can be included with ACCEPT, CHANGE, CONNECT, DISCONNECT, and
< REFUSE messages. The format of the UserData parameter is shown in
should be changed to
> option can be included with ACCEPT, CHANGE, CONNECT, DISCONNECT, NOTIFY,
> and REFUSE messages. The format of the UserData parameter is shown in
A.3 5.3.2 Other Cases
The following sentence:
< CONNECT with a REFUSE message with the affected targets specified in
< the TargetList and an appropriate ReasonCode (StreamExists).
should be changed to
> CONNECT with a REFUSE message with the affected targets specified in
> the TargetList and an appropriate ReasonCode (TargetExists).
A.4 5.5.1 Mismatched FlowSpecs
The following sentence:
< notifies the processing ST agent which should respond with ReasonCode
< (FlowSpecMismatch).
should be changed to
> notifies the processing ST agent which should respond with a REFUSE
> message with ReasonCode (FlowSpecMismatch).
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A.5 6.2.1 Problems in Stream Recovery
The following sentence:
< some time after a failure. As a result, the ST agent attempting the
< recovery may receive ERROR messages for the new CONNECTs that are
< ...
< failure, and will interpret the new CONNECT as resulting from a
< routing failure. It will respond with an ERROR message with the
< appropriate ReasonCode (StreamExists). Since the timeout that the ST
< ...
< remnants of the broken stream will soon be torn down by a DISCONNECT
< message. Therefore, the ST agent that receives the ERROR message with
< ReasonCode (StreamExists) should retransmit the CONNECT message after
should be changed to
> some time after a failure. As a result, the ST agent attempting the
> recovery may receive REFUSE messages for the new CONNECTs that are
> ...
> failure, and will interpret the new CONNECT as resulting from a
> routing failure. It will respond with a REFUSE message with the
> appropriate ReasonCode (TargetExists). Since the timeout that the ST
> ...
> remnants of the broken stream will soon be torn down by a DISCONNECT
> message. Therefore, the ST agent that receives the REFUSE message with
> ReasonCode (TargetExists) should retransmit the CONNECT message after
A.6 6.3 Stream Preemption}
The following sentence:
< (least important) to 256 (most important). This value is
should be changed to
> (least important) to 255 (most important). This value is
A.7 10.2 Control PDUs
The following sentence:
o Reference is a transaction number. Each sender of a request control
> message assigns a Reference number to the message that is unique
> with respect to the stream for messages generated by each agent.
A.8 10.3.4 Origin
The following:
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
< | PCode = 5 | PBytes | NextPcol |OriginSAPBytes |
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
should be changed to
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
> | PCode = 4 | PBytes | NextPcol |OriginSAPBytes |
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
A.9 10.4.1 ACCEPT
The following sentence:
o IPHops is the number of IP encapsulated hops traversed by the
> stream.
A.10 10.4.2 ACK
The following:
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
< | OpCode = 2 | 0 | TotalBytes |
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
should be changed to
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
> | OpCode = 2 | 0 | TotalBytes = 16 |
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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A.11 10.4.3 CHANGE
The following sentence:
o I (bit 9) is used to indicate that the LRM is permitted to interrupt
A.12 10.4.7 HELLO
The following:
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
< | OpCode = 7 |R| 0 | TotalBytes |
< +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
should be changed to
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
> | OpCode = 7 |R| 0 | TotalBytes = 20 |
> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
A.13 10.4.9 JOIN-REJECT
The following sentence:
o Reference contains a number assigned by the ST agent sending the
> JOIN-REJECT for use in the acknowledging ACK.
A.14 10.4.13 STATUS-RESPONSE
The following sentence:
< possibly Groups of the stream. It the full target list can not fit in
should be changed to
> possibly Groups of the stream. If the full target list can not fit in
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A.15 10.5.3 ReasonCode
The following:
< 32 PCodeUnknown Control PDU has a parameter with an invalid
< PCode.
should be removed because a common SCMP element with an unknown PCode
is equivalent to the UserData (RFC 1819, Section 10.3.8).
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Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
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